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目的了解浙江省公众应对突发自然灾害健康教育灾后基本知识与技能改变情况及其影响因素。方法在浙江省抽取4个代表性县(市、区),对抽中的县(市、区)15～69岁的城乡居民开展健康教育干预,并采用多阶段整群随机抽样的方法,开展问卷调查并进行干预效果评价及影响因素分析。结果干预后,公众应对突发自然灾害灾后基本知识与技能有明显提高(P<0.05);文化程度低(OR=1.37,P<0.01)、未婚(OR=1.60,P<0.01)、农村(OR=1.32,P<0.05)、自然灾害与自己无关系(OR=1.75,P<0.01)、不关注本地自然灾害信息(OR=1.41,P<0.01)、认为没有必要了解救灾防病知识(OR=1.37,P<0.01)、不主动学习急救知识与技能(OR=1.76,P<0.01)是阻碍公众掌握突发自然灾害灾后基本知识与技能的因素。结论对公众开展突发自然灾害灾后健康教育,可有效提高公众应对突发自然灾害灾后基本知识知晓率及急救技能水平。
Objective To understand the changes of the basic knowledge and skills of Zhejiang public health workers responding to sudden natural disasters and their influencing factors. Methods Four representative counties (cities and districts) were drawn from Zhejiang Province. Health education interventions were carried out among the urban and rural residents aged 15-69 in the selected counties (cities and districts), and a multistage cluster random sampling method Questionnaire investigation and intervention effect evaluation and influencing factors analysis. Results After the intervention, the basic knowledge and skills of the public in response to sudden natural disasters were obviously improved (P <0.05); the educational level was low (OR = 1.37, P <0.01) (OR = 1.32, P <0.05). Natural disasters had no relation with oneself (OR = 1.75, P <0.01), and did not pay attention to the information of local natural disasters (OR = OR = 1.37, P <0.01). The knowledge and skills of no-active first-aid training (OR = 1.76, P <0.01) were the factors hindering the public from mastering the basic knowledge and skills of sudden natural disasters. Conclusion The public health education for post-disaster natural disasters can effectively raise public awareness of the basic knowledge and the level of emergency skills after the natural disasters.