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目的了解烟台市市售谷物及其制品中重金属含量分布特征,评价其污染程度和健康风险。方法 2013—2016年分层随机采集烟台市售谷物及其制品,按照GB检测铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、总汞(Hg)及类金属元素砷(总As)含量。采用单因子污染指数法、综合污染指数法和目标危害系数法评价其污染程度。结果谷物及其制品中Pb、Cd、总Hg和总As的检出率分别为92.78%、86.67%、12.78%和15.00%,含量均值为Pb>总As>Cd>总Hg。从重金属总量来看,玉米面>小米类>小麦粉>大米类。4种谷物及其制品中的Pb单因子污染指数最高,类金属As的最低。综合污染指数从大到小为玉米面>小米>大米>小麦粉。对同年龄、同性别人群,目标危害系数(THQ)值大小为THQ_(Pb)>THQ_(Cd)>THQ_(As)>THQ_(Hg)。结论谷物及其制品重金属的人群膳食暴露水平均处在安全状态。Pb是人群膳食暴露的主要污染物。
Objective To understand the distribution characteristics of heavy metals in commercial grains and their products in Yantai City and evaluate their pollution degree and health risks. Methods 2013-2016 cereals and their products were randomly collected from Yantai City by stratification. The contents of Pb, Cd, Hg and arsenic (total As) were determined by GB. The pollution degree was evaluated by the single factor pollution index method, the integrated pollution index method and the target hazard coefficient method. Results The detection rates of Pb, Cd, total Hg and total As in grains and their products were 92.78%, 86.67%, 12.78% and 15.00%, respectively. From the total amount of heavy metals point of view, cornmeal> millet> wheat flour> rice. Among the four kinds of cereals and their products, the one-factor Pb pollution index was the highest, while the lowest was As. Comprehensive pollution index descending cornmeal> millet> rice> wheat flour. For the same age and same sex population, the target hazard coefficient (THQ) value is THQ_ (Pb)> THQ_ (Cd)> THQ_ (As)> THQ_ (Hg). Conclusion The dietary exposures of heavy metals in cereals and their products are in a safe state. Pb is the main pollutant in the diet of people.