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采用相关分析法与主成分分析法,研究了新疆焉耆盆地地下水地球化学特征。结果表明:从开都河上游向盆地中部灌溉区,地下水矿化度由0.21g/L增加到37.45g/L,地下水水化学类型依次为HCO_3型、HCO_3-SO_4型、SO_4-Cl型以及Cl-SO_4型。研究区各时期地下水阳离子主要以Mg~(2+)与Ca~(2+)为主,阴离子主要以SO_4~(2-)与Cl~-为主。地下水矿化度,电导率,Mg~(2+),Ca~(2+),SO_4~(2-)与Cl~-均呈现强烈的空间变异性,pH值呈现非常弱的空间变异性。草地的地下水矿化度最高,荒漠地下水矿化度最低。地下水矿化度与主要离子含量从高到低依次为:草地、耕地、林地、荒漠。研究区地下水矿化度的大小与Mg~(2+),Ca~(2+),SO_4~(2-),Cl~-,HCO_3~-等离子含量水平的高低密切相关。
The correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to study the geochemical characteristics of groundwater in Yanqi Basin, Xinjiang. The results showed that the salinity of groundwater increased from 0.21g / L to 37.45g / L from the upper reaches of the Kaidu River to the central irrigation area of the basin. The hydrochemical types of groundwater were HCO_3, HCO_3-SO_4, SO_4-Cl and Cl -SO_4 type. The groundwater cations in the study area are mainly dominated by Mg 2+ and Ca 2+, while the anions are dominated by SO 4 2- and Cl ~. Groundwater salinity, conductivity, Mg2 +, Ca2 +, SO4 2- and Cl ~ - all showed strong spatial variability, and pH showed very weak spatial variability. The grassland has the highest degree of groundwater salinization and the lowest groundwater salinity in the desert. Groundwater salinity and the main ion content descending order: grassland, arable land, woodland, desert. The degree of groundwater salinity in the study area is closely related to the levels of Mg2 +, Ca2 +, SO4-, Cl-, HCO3- in plasma.