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保水剂与秸秆深施对砂质潮土培肥效应的研究,为中低产田砂质潮土的改良提供科学合理的依据。于典型的砂质潮土区设置了五种不同的田间处理方式:秸秆翻埋还田(TS)、秸秆深施(DS)、秸秆与保水剂深施(DS+W)、保水剂深施(DW)和不处理对照(CK)。比较分析了小麦生育期不同土层中水分、有机质、速效氮以及小麦产量。研究结果表明:(1)与CK相比,从孕穗期到灌浆期,秸秆与保水剂的施用均使0~80 cm土层的含水量有所提高,且DS+W与DW均显著提高了60~80 cm土层水分,其中在孕穗期两处理水分含量分别是CK的3倍和2倍,灌浆期为CK的2倍和1.5倍。(2)与CK相比,其余各处理均显著提高了小麦产量(P<0.05),TS、DS和DS+W分别增产了30.7%、27.3%和48.9%。(3)与CK相比,TS、DS、DS+W和DW的水分利用效率显著增加,分别增加了0.63、0.57 0.93和0.29 kg m~(-3)。(4)与CK相比,20~80 cm土层中,深埋处理DS、DS+W、DW均提高了土壤中有机质含量,DS+W处理下土壤有机质含量与其他处理之间差异显著(P<0.05)。(5)与CK相比,TS和DS处理能够有效的提高各土层中硝态氮含量,保水剂的施用在40~80 cm土层中对土壤硝态氮未见显著影响。(6)各处理间单茎小麦各器官干物质积累量大小为:DS+W>DS>TS>DW>CK,且从不同器官的干物质积累量的比例来看,TS、DS、DS+W处理下的籽粒所占比重较CK的籽粒所占比重有所增加,茎+叶所占比例相应减少,植株干物质的积累逐渐向籽粒偏斜。(7)从小麦产量与土壤水分和硝态氮含量的相关分析结果来看,土壤水分主要在小麦灌浆期影响小麦产量,且是砂质潮土中影响小麦产量的最主要因素。综上所述,保水剂与秸秆的施用均能不同程度的改善砂质潮土的理化性状,提高农作物产量,以保水剂与秸秆的配合深施对砂质潮土的改良效果最佳。
The research on the effect of water retaining agent and straw deep application on the effect of fertilizing sandy soil on sandy soils provides scientific and reasonable basis for the improvement of sandy soils in middle and low yield fields. Five different field treatments were set up in the typical sandy tidal zone: TS, DS, DS + W and SAP (DW) and no treatment control (CK). The soil moisture, organic matter, available nitrogen, and wheat yield in different soil layers during wheat growth were compared. The results showed that: (1) Compared with CK, from the booting stage to the filling stage, the application of straw and water retaining agent increased the water content of 0 ~ 80 cm soil layer, and DS + W and DW increased significantly The water content of 60 ~ 80 cm soil layer was the highest, and the water content of two treatments at booting stage was 3 times and 2 times of that of CK and 2 times and 1.5 times of that of CK. (2) Compared with CK, the other treatments significantly increased wheat yield (P <0.05), TS, DS and DS + W increased by 30.7%, 27.3% and 48.9% respectively. (3) Compared with CK, the water use efficiency of TS, DS, DS + W and DW increased significantly by 0.63, 0.57 and 0.29 kg m -3, respectively. (4) Compared with CK, DS, DS + W and DW all increased soil organic matter content in 20 ~ 80 cm soil layer. The soil organic matter content under DS + W treatment was significantly different from other treatments P <0.05). (5) Compared with CK, TS and DS treatment can effectively improve the nitrate nitrogen content of all soil layers. However, application of water-retaining agent had no significant effect on soil nitrate nitrogen in 40 ~ 80 cm soil layer. (6) The amount of dry matter accumulation in each organ of single-stalk wheat was DS + W> DS> TS> DW> CK, and the ratio of dry matter accumulation in different organs showed that TS, DS, DS + The proportion of grain under W treatment increased, the proportion of stem + leaf decreased correspondingly, and the accumulation of plant dry matter gradually shifted to grain. (7) According to the correlation analysis between wheat yield and soil moisture and nitrate nitrogen content, soil moisture mainly affects wheat yield during wheat filling stage and is the most important factor affecting wheat yield in sandy soil. In summary, the application of SAP and straw can all improve the physicochemical properties of sandy soil to some extent, and improve the yield of crops. The improvement effect of sandy soil is best with the combination of SAP and straw.