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采用菌丝生长速率法测定了7种杀菌剂对蘑菇褐腐病菌Mycogone perniciosa Magn.的室内毒力及其中5种杀菌剂对双孢蘑菇Agaricus bisporus的室内安全性,并通过田间小区试验评价了其中6种杀菌剂对蘑菇褐腐病的药效及对双孢蘑菇的安全性。室内测定结果表明:多菌灵、咪鲜胺、噻菌灵、百菌清、苯醚甲环唑及戊唑醇对蘑菇褐腐病菌的毒力均较强,EC50值分别为0.036 9、0.024 5、0.296、0.136、0.036 0和0.058 1 mg/L,福美双毒力较弱,EC50值为88.0 mg/L;多菌灵和百菌清对双孢蘑菇较安全,苯醚甲环唑、戊唑醇及福美双对其有药害风险。田间试验结果表明:按有效成分质量分数计,50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂(WP)250、500和1 000 mg/kg,50%咪鲜胺锰盐WP333、266和200 mg/kg,75%百菌清WP 375 mg/kg对蘑菇褐腐病的防效较好,且对双孢蘑菇生长无显著影响;而采用43%戊唑醇悬浮剂(SC)143.3、86.0 mg/kg防治褐腐病时,双孢蘑菇的减产率分别为20.54%和13.19%,采用10%苯醚甲环唑可分散粒剂(WG)33.3 mg/kg时,减产率为4.73%,表明这2种杀菌剂对双孢蘑菇的安全性较差,不宜用于防治蘑菇褐腐病;50%福美双WP1 000和500 mg/kg均会造成蘑菇出菇推迟,而166.7 mg/kg的防效较差,因此也不宜用于防治蘑菇褐腐病。
The indoor toxicity of 7 fungicides to Mycogone perniciosa Magn. And the indoor safety of 5 bactericides to Agaricus bisporus were determined by mycelial growth rate. The field test was used to evaluate the indoor toxicity Efficacy of Six Kinds of Bacteriocides on Mushroom Rot and Their Safety to Agaricus bisporus. The results of laboratory tests showed that the toxicity of carbendazim, prochloraz, thiabendazole, chlorothalonil, difenoconazole and tebuconazole on the brown rot fungus were stronger than those in the control, with EC50 values of 0.036 9 and 0.024 5,0.296,0.136,0.036 0 and 0.058 1 mg / L, the toxicity of the United States and the United States is weaker, EC50 value is 88.0 mg / L; Carbendazim and chlorothalonil are safe to Agaricus bisporus, difenoconazole, Tebuconazole and thiram have a risk of phytotoxicity. The results of field trials showed that 50% carbendazim WP at 250, 500 and 1000 mg / kg, 50% prochloraz manganese WP 333, 266 and 200 mg / kg at the active ingredient mass fraction % Chlorothalonil WP 375 mg / kg had a good control effect on brown rot of mushrooms and had no significant effect on the growth of Agaricus bisporus. However, 43% tebuconazole SC (143.3 mg / kg, 86.0 mg / kg) The yield of Agaricus bisporus was 20.54% and 13.19% respectively when decayed, and 4.73% when the dosage of 10% difenoconazole dispersible granule (WG) was 33.3 mg / kg, indicating that the two kinds of bactericidal Agaricus bisporus agents are not safe and should not be used for the control of brown rot of mushrooms; 50% thiram WP1 000 and 500 mg / kg will cause mushroom delayed fruiting, and 166.7 mg / kg less effective control, Therefore, it is not suitable for controlling brown rot of mushrooms.