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1945年5月2日,苏军攻入德国柏林,5月8日德国无条件投降。这时,日本在中国和太平洋战场上屡遭失败,行将灭亡。美国于7月16日在新墨西哥州的沙漠里,试爆第一颗原子弹成功,认为不必借助苏联的力量也能打败日本,便由原来希望苏联早日出兵对日作战,转而担心苏联出兵作战会影响其独占日本及远东的战略地位。在这种情况下,美英两国发起召开同盟国美英中苏四大国首脑会议。会议于7月17日在德国首都柏林近郊小镇波茨坦举行。
On May 2, 1945, the Soviet army captured Berlin, Germany, and Germany unconditionally surrendered on May 8. At this time, Japan has repeatedly failed in the battlefields of China and the Pacific and is going to perish. On July 16, in the desert of New Mexico, the United States tested the success of the first atomic bomb and thought it was not necessary to make use of the power of the Soviet Union to defeat Japan. Instead, it originally hoped that the Soviet Union would send troops to Japan to fight it as soon as possible and instead be worried that the Soviet Union would send troops to the operations conference Affecting its exclusive strategic position in Japan and the Far East. Under such circumstances, the United States and Britain launched the convening of the summit of the United States, Britain, the Soviet Union, the four major powers of the United States and Britain. The meeting was held on July 17 in Potsdam, a suburb of Berlin, the capital of Germany.