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目的 了解并评价内蒙古自治区二级以上医疗机构实验室结核病相关检测开展情况.方法 2015年7 11月对全区12个盟市265家二级以上医疗机构进行问卷调查,内容包括医院的类别、规模、2014年实验室开展结核病相关检测项目及实际检测数量.共收回154家医疗机构的有效调查问卷,总体应答率为58.1％(154/265),其中三级医院占82.0％(41/50)、二级医院占52.6％(113/215).结果 三级医院各检测项目的开展率均优于二级医院,其中抗酸杆菌涂片镜检开展率分别为87.8％(36/41)和31.9％(36/113)、结核分枝杆菌改良固体培养分别为24.4％(10/41)和9.7％(11/113)、分子生物学检测分别为12.2％(5/41)和1.8％(2/113)、γ干扰素释放试验分别为31.7％(13/41)和1.8％(2/113),差异均有统计学意义(x2=37.83,P=0.000;x2=5.49,P=0.019;x2=7.54,P=0.006;x2=30.67,P=0.000).含8家传染病医院在内的非综合医院结核分枝杆菌改良固体培养开展率(23.4％,11/47)优于综合医院(9.3％,10/107),差异有统计学意义(x2=5.48,P＜0.05).8家传染病医院(三级5家,二级3家)结核病相关检测项目[抗酸杆菌涂片镜检(8/8)、结核分枝杆菌改良固体培养(7/8)、分子生物学检测(3/8)、γ干扰素释放试验(6/8)]开展情况均较好.结论 作为结核病患者发现第一道防线的综合医疗机构,其实验室结核病相关检测项目、检测数量均有待增加,新技术应用需要进一步推广.“,”Objective To understand and evaluate the performance of tuberculosis (TB) related examinations in secondary and above medical institutions in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Methods Questionnaire survey was conducted in 265 secondary and tertiary medical institutions all around Inner Mongolia from July to November,2015.The questionnaire concerned hospital category and scale,TB laboratory test items and quantity in 2014.Effective questionnaires from 154 hospitals were received,including 41 (82.0％,41/50) tertiary and 113 (52.6％,113/215) secondary medical institutions,and the overall response rate was 58.1％ (154/265).Results The performance rate of TB LAB tests in tertiary medical institutions was better than that in secondary ones.The performance rates of AFB test,culture test,molecular biological detection and interferon-gamma release assay carried out in tertiary medical institutions were 87.8％ (36/41),24.4％ (10/41),12.2％ (5/41) and 31.7％ (13/41) respectively,and those in secondary medical institutions were 31.9％ (36/113),9.7％ (11/113),1.8％ (2/113) and 1.8％ (2/113) respectively.The differences were significant (x2 =37.83,P=0.000;x2=5.49,P=0.019;x2=7.54,P=0.006;x2=30.67,P=0.000).The performance of culture test in non-general hospital including 8 infectious disease hospitals (23.4％,11/47) was better than that in general hospitals (9.3％,10/107) with significant difference (x2 =5.48,P＜0.05).The situation of TB LAB tests performed in eight infectious diseases hospitals (3 secondary and 5 tertiary ones) was relatively better.The performance rates of AFB test,culture test,molecular biological detection and interferon-gamma release assay were 8/8,7/8,3/8 and 6/8 respectively.Conclusion As the foremost position for TB case finding,the performance of TB LAB in general hospitals should be improved further,no matter detection items,quantity or the application of new techniques.