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近些年来,更多的尸体解剖发现膀胱癌的远处转移并非象过去所想像的那么少。1976年美国有29800名膀胱癌新病例,有9500人死于膀胱癌转移,说明膀胱癌转移有很高的发生率和死亡率。膀胱移行上皮癌常可浸润到粘膜下及肌层,一旦侵入膀胱壁内的淋巴管,40％的病例会有盆腔淋巴结转移。若癌浸润到膀胱壁周围的脂肪组织,则盆腔淋巴结一般都有转移,腹主动脉旁淋巴结也常受累。膀胱移行上皮癌也常可经血运转移到肺、肝及骨骼,骨转移系溶骨性的,以脊椎、肋骨、骨盆及上下肢长骨
In recent years, more autopsies have found that the distant metastasis of bladder cancer is not as small as was previously thought. In 1976, there were 29,800 new cases of bladder cancer in the United States, and 9,500 died of bladder cancer metastasis, indicating a high incidence and mortality of bladder cancer metastasis. Bladder transitional epithelial cancer can often infiltrate into the submucosa and muscularis. Once it invades the lymphatic vessels in the bladder wall, pelvic lymph node metastasis occurs in 40% of cases. If the cancer infiltrates into the adipose tissue around the bladder wall, the pelvic lymph nodes generally have metastases, and the paraaortic lymph nodes are often involved. Bladder transitional epithelial cancer can also often be transferred to the lungs, liver, and bones via the blood, osteolytic bone transfer to the spine, ribs, pelvis, and upper and lower limbs.