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目的：探讨后发性白内障的药物预防。方法：行兔眼白内障囊外摘除术。单纯白内障囊外摘除术为对照组，手术时在灌注液中加入甲氨蝶呤（ 分三种浓度：２００μｇ／ｍｌ、４００μｇ／ ｍｌ、８００μｇ／ｍｌ） 为用药组。定期进行临床观察。术后３ 个月用光镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜观察晶体后囊的形态学变化。结果：术后３ 个月用药组晶体后囊透明度优于对照组（ Ｐ＜ ０－０５） 。对照组晶体后囊前覆盖一层晶体上皮细胞，并可见Ｂ 淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞附着。用药组晶体后囊前无明显晶体上皮细胞增殖和炎性细胞吸附，角膜内皮等眼内组织无明显病理改变。结论：甲氨蝶呤可能为预防后发性白内障较为安全、有效的药物。
Objective: To explore the drug prevention of posterior cataract. Methods: Extracapsular cataract extraction was performed in rabbits. Simple extracapsular cataract extraction was used as the control group. Methotrexate (divided into three concentrations: 200μg / ml, 400μg / ml and 800μg / ml) was used as the medication group in the perfusion solution. Regular clinical observation. The morphological changes of posterior capsule were observed with light microscope, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope at 3 months after operation. Results: The transparency of the posterior capsule of the treated group was better than that of the control group 3 months after operation (P <0-05). The control group posterior capsule covered with a layer of crystal epithelial cells, and visible B lymphocytes and macrophages attached. There was no obvious crystal epithelial cell proliferation and inflammatory cell adhesion in the posterior capsule of the treatment group, and there was no obvious pathological changes in the corneal endothelium and other intraocular tissues. Conclusion: Methotrexate may be a safe and effective drug for the prevention of post-cataract.