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木质纤维素生物质细胞壁中主要组分(纤维素、半纤维素和木质素)相互交织形成的网状结构是生物质转化过程中的天然抗降解屏障。有效的预处理能打破这种屏障,提高酶水解转化效率。显微技术包括显微镜技术和显微光谱技术,能够在多尺度下展现木质纤维素生物质在预处理中细胞壁微观结构变化和组分含量等信息。笔者介绍了原子力显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、显微拉曼光谱等显微技术在木质纤维素生物质预处理过程研究中的应用。利用显微镜技术可直接观察预处理中细胞壁表面结构的变化,并分析其对酶水解可能产生的影响;利用显微光谱技术可原位分析预处理对细胞壁组分化学结构与超微结构的影响;多种显微技术组合弥补了单一手段的不足,可获得木质纤维原料生物构造、组分含量及分布等方面更为详细的信息。
The network of lignocellulosic biomass in which the major components of the cell wall (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) are intertwined form the natural anti-degradation barrier during biomass conversion. Effective pretreatment can break this barrier and improve the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency. Microscopy includes microscopy and microscopy techniques that enable information on the changes in cell wall microstructure and compositional content of lignocellulosic biomass during pretreatment at multiple scales. The author introduced the atomic force microscope, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, microscopic Raman spectroscopy and other microscopic techniques in the lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment process. The changes of cell wall surface structure in pretreatment can be directly observed by microscopy and the possible influence on enzymatic hydrolysis can be analyzed. The effects of pretreatment on the chemical composition and ultrastructure of cell wall can be analyzed by microscopy. Multiple combinations of microscopy make up for the lack of a single tool to obtain more detailed information on the biological structure, compositional content and distribution of lignocellulosic materials.