何为“边方圆净”和“月食”?

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据《古钱大辞典》,《古泉汇考》引《续通考》:“二十六年,户科郝敬奏,工部选宝源局样,每省转发各府,依样铸造.每钱一文,定制官法马重钱二分,字画玲珑,边方圆净,背面凿磨光平,以便通用.“《续通考》还记载了这段话的背景;“十四年,湖广督抚奏,武、荆、原三局所铸钱,各限一式.民间但不通用.今不许择炼,一体行使.”这是万历年间的事.以上两段话的意思很清楚:因三局铸币不一致,大小和轻重有差,钱质有优有劣,民间就拣选优良的铸局钱用,这才使得都敬上奏请求中央严厉统一线式,精铸一钱二分重的钱来流通.这里的“回净”义为:内郭(即钱肉的内“边”)要方正,外郭(外郭是“圆”形的)要圆整.半两钱以后一直到清末机铸币之前,中国的铸币除极个别情况(如部分莽钱等)外,都是外圆内方形式的.“边方圆净”只能如此解释,舍此无他.“净”,还包含外郭要锉磨齐整,把流铜锉掉之意. According to “Dictionary of Ancient Money,” “Spring Department of Qufu,” cited “Continued Examination”: “Twenty-six years, Habitat Section Hao Jing, Bao source selected Bureau of the Bureau, each province forwarded government, according to the same casting. Every money a custom officer Fama heavy two points, exquisite calligraphy and painting, the edge of a round net, polished back smooth, so that universal. ”Continuation of the test“ also records the background of this passage; ”Fourteen years, , Wu, Jing, the original three Bureau of the cast money, all kinds of one .Micro-civil but not universal .Now allowed to choose refining, one exercise. “This is the Wanli years .Two sections of the meaning is clear: There is a difference in size and severity, and there are excellent and inferior qualities in money supply. The private sector has chosen excellent castings for money, which makes it possible for all to honor the request of the Central Government to strictly control the use of the same type of wire and to cast a dime and heavy money for circulation. The meaning of ”back to the net“ is: Inner Guo (ie, the inner side of the money meat) should be rounded, and the outer Guo (the outer Guo is a round shape) should be rounded. Except for a very few cases (such as some money, etc.), they are all in the form of an outer circle. ”Sides and squares“ can only be interpreted as such, without him. ”Net" Neat, out of the stream file is intended to copper.
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