一、立法背景简介在俄罗斯,当扶养义务人或扶养权利人居住在境外时,扶养费的判决和执行问题是俄罗斯家庭法面临的最紧迫的问题之一。一方面,扶养费争议案件在其民事案件中占很大的比重并且日益含有涉外因素,如何处理此类扶养费案件对俄罗斯来说具有特别重要的现实意义;另一方面,对扶养问题的国内立法虽有困难,但其在国际私法上的立法取得长足发展,在理论上对该问题进行研究也极其重要。随着前苏联的解体,俄罗斯的法律制度经历了一次重大变革。有关扶养问题的立法,也作了重大修订,其中有些问题是与俄罗斯家庭法的实质性修订以及俄罗斯的民法、民事程序法和国际私法的修订紧密联系在一起,另一些则是为适 I. Introduction to the Legislative Background In Russia, when the obligor or the adopter is living outside the country, the issue of the enforcement and enforcement of the maintenance fee is one of the most pressing issues facing Russian family law. On the one hand, the controversial cases of support costs account for a large proportion of their civil cases and are increasingly involving foreign factors. How to handle such cases of support payments is of particular importance to Russia; on the other hand, Although legislation has difficulties, its legislation on private international law has made great progress. It is also very important to study this issue theoretically. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Russia’s legal system underwent a major change. Some major revisions have also been made to the legislation on support, some of which are closely linked with the substantive revision of Russian family law and the revision of Russian civil law, civil procedural law and private international law,