目的了解镇江丹徒区疟疾流行特征及蚊媒密度,评价防治效果,为制定消除疟疾防治策略提供科学依据。方法收集2001—2016年江苏省镇江市丹徒区疟疾监测点网络报告疟疾疫情、发热病人血检、小学生间接荧光抗体(IFA)检测、疟疾病例个案流行病学调查表、疫点调查和处置表、以及媒介按蚊种群等数据进行统计分析。结果 2001—2016年,共报告疟疾病例16例,其中本地感染病例7例,国内省外输入病例6例,境外输入病例3例。全区共血检发热病人56 285人次,血检率为1.27%。血检本地人口51 709人次,血检阳性5人,阳性率为0.01%;血检外来流动人口4 576人,血检阳性8人,阳性率为0.17%;两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。2001—2011年镇江市丹徒区省级疟疾监测点共采集重点人群滤纸2 459人份,阳性31人,阳性率1.26%;采集小学生滤纸2 892人份,阳性39人,阳性率1.35%;两者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2001—2016年共捕获按蚊1 744只,经鉴定均为中华按蚊。结论 2008年以来镇江丹徒区已无本地感染疟疾病例,但由于传疟媒介仍然存在,一旦有输入性传染源的输入,仍然有引起疟疾传播与流行的可能,因此仍需加强疟疾的监测与控制,巩固消除疟疾的成果。 Objective To understand the malaria epidemic characteristics and mosquito vector density in Dantu district of Zhenjiang and evaluate the effect of malaria control in order to provide a scientific basis for formulating strategies of eliminating malaria. Methods The malaria epidemic situation, blood test of fever patients, indirect fluorescent antibody test of primary school students (IFA), malaria cases epidemiological survey, epidemic investigation and disposal table were collected from 2001 to 2016 in Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province. , As well as the data of Anopheles vectors and other data for statistical analysis. Results A total of 16 cases of malaria were reported in 2001-2016, of which 7 were locally infected, 6 were imported from outside China and 3 were imported from abroad. The district a total of 56,285 blood tests were fever patients, blood test was 1.27%. There were 51 709 blood tests and 5 positive blood tests, with a positive rate of 0.01%. There were 4 576 blood tests and 8 blood tests positive with a positive rate of 0.17% (P <0.01). A total of 2 459 filter papers were collected from the key population of Dantu District in Zhenjiang City from 2001 to 2011, with 31 positives and a positive rate of 1.26%. A total of 2 892 filter papers were collected from primary school students, 39 were positive, with a positive rate of 1.35% There was no significant difference between the two groups (P> 0.05). A total of 1 744 Anopheles mosquitoes were collected from 2001 to 2016, which were identified as Anopheles sinensis. Conclusion There were no local cases of malaria infection in Dantu district of Zhenjiang since 2008, but malaria surveillance still needs to be strengthened due to the existence of malaria transmission media and the possibility of transmission and epidemic of malaria once imported source of input is available. Control and consolidate the results of malaria elimination.