作为世界上目前发展最快的经济和潜力最大的市场，中国以何种方式参与经济全球化过程将会对国际经济发展格局产生重大影响，中国的产业结构也将由于贸易环境的变化而随之调整。本项研究利用世界贸易模型模拟分析了在新的国际经济环境下我国不同政策选择对国民经济和农业部门可能产生的影响。结果表明，扩大贸易开放程度有利于提高我国经济的总体效率和国民福利。由于我国在农业生产上的比较优势趋于下降，开放市场后农产品进口将趋于增加，农业部门将面临巨大的调整压力。为保证产业结构平稳地实现调整，我国政府急需根据未来的发展方向制定合理的贸易政策和国内政策 As the fastest growing economy and potential market in the world, the way China takes part in economic globalization will have a significant impact on the pattern of international economic development. China’s industrial structure will also follow the changes in the trade environment Adjustment. This study uses the world trade model to simulate and analyze the possible impact of different policy choices on the national economy and the agricultural sector under the new international economic environment. The results show that expanding the degree of trade liberalization is conducive to raising the overall efficiency of our economy and national welfare. As China’s comparative advantage in agricultural production tends to decline, the import of agricultural products will tend to increase after the opening up of the market, and the agricultural sector will face tremendous pressure of adjustment. In order to ensure a smooth industrial restructuring, our government urgently needs to formulate a reasonable trade policy and domestic policy according to the future development direction