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中国人在三皇五帝以前(距今约五千年),就有了姓。那时是母系社会,只知有母,不知有父。所以“姓”是“女”和“生”组成的,就说明最早的姓,是从母亲的姓。夏、商、周的时候,人们有姓也有氏。“姓”是从居住的村落,或者所属的部族名称而来。“氏”是从君主所封的地、所赐的爵位、所任的官职,或者死后按照功绩,追加的称号而来。所以贵族有姓、有名、也有氏;平民有姓,有名,没有氏。同“氏”的男女可以通婚,同“姓”的男女却不可以通婚。因为中国人很早就发现这条遗传规律:近亲通婚对后代不利。
Before the Three Emperors and Five Emperors (about five thousand years ago), the Chinese had a surname. At that time, it was a matriarchal society and only knew that there was a mother. I do not know that there was a father. Therefore, “surname” is composed of “female” and “student”, which means that the earliest surname is from the mother’s surname. In summer, business, and week, people have family names. The “surname” comes from the village where you live, or the name of the tribe you belong to. “Shi” comes from the land the monarch has sealed, the knight given, the official position he has held, or the additional title after his death. Therefore, the nobles have a surname, a name, and a name. The civilians have a surname, a name, and no name. Men and women of the same name can intermarry, and men and women of the same name cannot intermarry. Because the Chinese discovered this genetic rule very early: Infant marriage is not good for offspring.