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目前,我国煤炭产量迅速增长,但商品煤质量还未改观,不仅落后于发达国家,甚至落后于有的发展中国家。1985年我国的入洗煤比重为42.87％,澳大利亚为75.97％。煤炭生产发展速度逐年递增,企业经济效益却不佳,这种速度与效益,产量与质量发展上的不平衡,给国民经济各部门带来了消极影响。煤炭质量低,使用效益就差,增加了消耗量,影响了消费者利益;同时也使运输状况紧张。由于对煤炭加工注重不够,大部分原煤直接燃烧,有害气体大量排放,恶化了生态环境。由于偏重于产量而忽视产品增值,使煤炭行业长期以来产品结构单一,经济效益低下。 要改变我国煤炭工业发展中产量与质量、速度与效益不平衡状况,其关键应充分发挥价格机制的杠杆作用,改变不合理的价格因素。但是,要使煤炭差价趋于合理化、科学化,尚需从价格理论、差价调整方案、效益分析等方面作一定的探讨研究。
At present, the output of coal in our country is growing rapidly, but the quality of commercial coal has not changed yet. It lags not only in developed countries, but also in some developing countries. In 1985, the proportion of China’s coal washing was 42.87% and that of Australia was 75.97%. The rate of development of coal production is increasing year by year, but the economic benefits of enterprises are not good. Such imbalances in speed and efficiency, output and quality development have negatively affected all sectors of the national economy. Low quality coal, the use of efficiency is poor, increasing consumption, affecting the interests of consumers; but also to transport conditions. Due to inadequate attention to coal processing, most of the raw coal burned directly and a large amount of harmful gases were discharged, deteriorating the ecological environment. Due to the emphasis on production and ignore the value-added products, the coal industry has long been a single product structure, low economic returns. To change China’s coal industry in the output and quality of production, speed and efficiency of the imbalance, the key should give full play to the leverage of the price mechanism to change the irrational price factors. However, in order to rationalize and scientifically price the coal price difference, it is still necessary to make some discussion and research from the aspects of price theory, the adjustment program for post adjustment and benefit analysis.