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一、溶液中微粒浓度必然满足的等式关系1.电荷守恒:即溶液中所有阳离子所带的正电荷总数等于所有阴离子所带的负电荷总数。如在Na_2CO_3溶液存在 Na~+、H~+、CO_3~(2+)、HCO_3~-、OH~-,各微粒浓度的等式关系为:[Na~+]+[H~+]=[OH~-]+[HCO_3~-]+2[CO_3~(2-)]2.物料守恒:即溶液中某元素物质的量总量等于溶液中所含该元素的微粒的物质的量之和,亦即溶液中的溶质(除 H、O 元素外)的元素守恒。(由于存在水的电离,所以不存在 H、O 元素守恒)如在0.1mol/LNa_2CO_3溶液中,原 Na_2CO_3中所含Na~+以 Na~+存在,而 CO_3~(2-)以 CO_3~(2-)、HCO_3~-、H_2CO_3三种
I. Equations in which the concentration of particles in the solution must be satisfied 1. Charge conservation: That is, the total number of positive charges carried by all cations in the solution is equal to the total number of negative charges carried by all anions. For example, if Na~+, H~+, CO~3~(2+), HCO~3~~, OH~~ are present in the Na2CO3 solution, the equation for the concentration of each particle is: [Na~+]+[H~+]=[ OH~-]+[HCO_3~-]+2[CO_3~(2-)] 2. Material conservation: that is, the sum of the amount of an elemental substance in the solution is equal to the sum of the substance amount of the particle contained in the solution. That is, the elements of the solution (except H, O elements) in the solution are conserved. (Because there is water ionization, there is no conservation of H and O elements.) For example, in 0.1 mol/L Na 2 CO 3 solution, Na~+ contained in Na 2 CO 3 is present as Na~+, and CO 3~(2-) is CO 3~( 2-), HCO_3~-, H_2CO_3 three kinds