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利用超声波对固体推进剂燃速进行实时测量是先进的燃速测量方法之一。针对超声波技术在固体火箭发动机试车中的应用,对典型固体火箭发动机材料进行测试研究,获得了发动机材料的超声波信号特征。将超声波探头直接安装在发动机壳体外侧部位,测量了固体推进剂在常压燃烧时的厚度变化。针对动态燃速测试,提出了超声波数据处理方法,对固体装药在常压燃烧下的回波进行处理,获得了装药的厚度变化过程和燃速,并分析了燃面附近温度分布对燃速测量的影响。结果表明:用超声波测量金属壳体固体发动机的燃速必须在壳体上开窗使超声波透过壳体和绝热层界面,而对复合材料壳体发动机可将超声波探头直接安装在壳体外侧;燃烧引起的装药表面温度变化对测量的影响可以忽略;该数据处理方法可以有效获得装药厚度变化。
Real-time measurement of the burning rate of solid propellants using ultrasound is one of the advanced methods of burning rate measurement. According to the application of ultrasonic technology in the test of solid rocket motor, the typical solid rocket motor materials were tested and the ultrasonic signal characteristics of the engine materials were obtained. The ultrasonic probe is directly mounted on the outer part of the engine casing, and the thickness variation of the solid propellant at normal pressure combustion is measured. Aiming at the dynamic burning rate test, the ultrasonic data processing method is put forward to deal with the echoes of the solid charge under normal pressure combustion. The thickness variation process and the burning rate of the charge are obtained. The temperature distribution around the burning face is analyzed. Effect of speed measurement. The results show that ultrasonic testing of the burning rate of the metal shell solid engine must open the window on the shell to make the ultrasonic wave penetrate the interface between the shell and the thermal insulation layer and the ultrasonic probe can be directly installed on the outside of the shell for the composite shell engine; The influence of combustion surface temperature on the measurement can be neglected. The data processing method can effectively obtain the variation of charge thickness.