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随着人们环保意识的日益增强,对汽油的燃烧质量提出了更高的要求,汽油无铅化在我国势在必行。醚类作为重要的高辛烷值调和组分,需求量日益增加,醚化催化剂的研究也越来越活跃。针对近期的发展动态,着重综述了大孔磺酸型离子交换树脂、分子筛、杂多酸等新型醚化催化剂的研究进展,详细讨论了分子筛催化剂的结构、酸密度、酸强度对醚化性能的影响。此外,对这几种催化剂的醚化活性、选择性进行了评价。醚化过程中树脂催化剂低温时活性选择性好,但耐热性能不好;分子筛催化剂选择性耐热性好,但低温反应活性低,可通过改性提高醚化活性;杂多酸、固体超强酸催化剂活性低,但负载到合适的载体上可以大大提高其活性。最后指出了醚化催化剂的发展趋势。
With the increasing awareness of environmental protection, the quality of gasoline combustion put forward higher requirements, lead-free gasoline is imperative in our country. Ethers, as an important high octane blending component, are in increasing demand and the research on etherification catalysts is becoming more and more active. In view of the recent developments, the research progress of new etherification catalysts such as macroporous sulphonic acid ion exchange resins, molecular sieve and heteropoly acid are reviewed. The structure, acid density and acid strength of zeolite catalysts are discussed in detail. influences. In addition, the etherification activity and selectivity of these catalysts were evaluated. In the process of etherification, the resin catalyst has good activity selectivity at low temperature but poor heat resistance. The zeolite catalyst has good heat resistance but low reaction activity at low temperature, and the etherification activity can be improved by modification. The heteropoly acid, Strong acid catalyst activity is low, but loading to a suitable carrier can greatly enhance its activity. Finally, the trend of etherification catalyst is pointed out.