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本文采用2000—2007年中国规模以上制造业企业数据库,对62927家参与出口市场的企业,应用FE和GMM模型实证分析企业出口强度与生产率之间可能存在的“倒U型”关系,研究表明:企业出口强度和企业生产率之间存在“倒U型”关系,企业出口强度在一定范围内时,出口促进企业生产率的提高,但是随着企业出口强度进一步增加,会导致企业生产率水平下降。进一步发现,我国中、西部地区企业的出口强度与生产率之间不存在“倒U型”关系。文章还研究了加工贸易对企业生产率的影响,企业“出口中学”效应不显著的原因可能与大量企业以加工贸易为主的贸易模式有关。
Based on the database of manufacturing enterprises above designated size in China from 2000 to 2007, 62927 enterprises participating in the export market are used to empirically analyze the possible “inverted U-shaped” relationship between export intensity and productivity of enterprises by using FE and GMM models. The results show that there is an “inverted U-shaped” relationship between export intensity and firm productivity. When export intensity is within a certain range, exports promote the improvement of enterprise productivity. However, as the export intensity of a firm further increases, it will lead to the increase of enterprise productivity decline. Further find that there is no “inverted U-shaped” relationship between the export intensity and the productivity of enterprises in China’s central and western regions. The article also studies the impact of processing trade on firm productivity, and the reason why the effect of firm “exporting middle school” is not significant may be related to the trade pattern of a large number of enterprises based on processing trade.