论文部分内容阅读
垂直地震剖面法已经普遍地用于一次反射和多次反射的准确识别、井附近地层倾角的计算、地震反褶积因子的推算以及在钻井前对声阻抗变化深度的预测。目前,新的处理程序使得垂直地震剖面有着较高的垂直和水平分辨率,它揭示出在地震剖面上以往所不清楚的构造和地层特征。在海上油田的勘探和开发阶段,对直井和斜井都要加以利用,因为垂直地震剖面可以为有意义的主要层段提供高分辨率的地震响应。同相轴的不连续以及绕射波的出现表示有断层和陡坡存在;并可以清晰地看到地层的不整合现象以及其它的细微的特征。垂直地震剖面将把地面观测和井中观测的构造和地层特征联系起来,以适应地球物理学家、石油地质学家和石油工程师作综合解释的需要。
Vertical seismic profiling methods have been widely used for the accurate identification of primary reflections and multiple reflections, formation dip calculations near wells, the deconvolution factor estimates, and the prediction of acoustic impedance depth changes prior to drilling. At present, the new processing program makes vertical seismic sections with high vertical and horizontal resolution, revealing previously unknown structural and stratigraphic features on seismic sections. Vertical and inclined wells should be utilized during offshore exploration and development because vertical seismic profiles provide high-resolution seismic response to meaningful main intervals. The discontinuities of the events and the appearance of diffraction waves indicate the presence of faults and steep slopes; and the unconformity of strata and other subtle features can clearly be seen. Vertical seismic profiles will link surface observations to well-borehole structures and stratigraphic features to accommodate the needs of geophysicists, petroleum geologists and petroleum engineers for a comprehensive interpretation.