论文部分内容阅读
近年来,在日常工作中,特别是编写“江苏药材志”过程中,接触到不少同名異物或品名混杂的植物药材。在这些药材种类中,多数是采自同科属植物的某个药用部分,在习惯上作为同一药材应用,或是可以相互代用;也有一些是属于不同科属的药材,但其习惯用途相似。这些商品药材,有的在外形上有显著区别,容易识别;有的则外形类似,一般较难辨认,往往需要借助显微镜作组织或粉末的观察,才能作出比较精确的鉴定。另外,也有一些药材,用肉眼可以看到某些外表上的特異点,但如果不作显微观察,则不能明确这些特異点的性质。因此,我们对于外形相似或外表特征不易明确的药材,根据实物标本,进行了必要的显微鉴定研究。我们的目的,是从实际工作需要出发,着重于可资鉴别的主要特征,而不是作系统的解剖学研究。在取材方面,全部以干燥的药材为对象(即不用新鲜材料);在描述及插图方面,均力求精简确切,以能说明药材的主要显微特征为原则。至于药材的原植物形态,因可以根据学名参阅有关文献,此处不作描述。现在先整理出一部分资料,供各方面参考。
In recent years, in the daily work, especially during the preparation of the “Jiangzhi Journal of Medicinal Materials,” many plant herbs with the same name as foreign objects or names have been exposed. Among these medicinal herbs, most of them are taken from a medicinal part of the same genus and they are customarily used as the same medicinal material, or they can be used as substitutes for each other. Some of them are medicines belonging to different families, but their customary uses are similar. . Some of these commercial medicines have significant differences in appearance and are easy to identify; while others are similar in shape and generally difficult to identify, they often require the use of microscopes for observation of tissues or powders in order to make more accurate identifications. In addition, there are some herbs that can be seen with the naked eye on some specific points on the outside, but if you do not do microscopic observation, the nature of these unique points cannot be clarified. Therefore, we have conducted the necessary microscopic identification studies on the physical specimens that are similar in shape or whose appearance characteristics are not easily identified. Our goal is to proceed from the actual work needs, focusing on the main features of funding can be identified, rather than systematic anatomy. In terms of materials, all of them are made from dried medicinal materials (that is, they do not use fresh materials); in terms of description and illustrations, they all strive to be concise and precise, in order to illustrate the principle of the main microscopic characteristics of medicinal materials. As for the original plant morphology of medicinal materials, the relevant literature can be referred to based on scientific names, and will not be described here. Now sort out some of the information for reference by all parties.