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目的了解深圳市中学生自杀意念现状及其影响因素的性别差异,为有针对性的干预提供依据。方法分层整群抽取深圳市5所中学3 071名中学生,使用自杀意念量表、社会支持量表以及中学生应对方式量表进行问卷调查。结果男、女中学生的自杀意念报告率分别为29.5%和38.3%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);自杀计划和尝试自杀的报告率差异无统计学意义。在控制年龄的条件下,对自杀意念进行多因素Logistic回归分析,感受到的学习压力、主观支持为男、女中学生共同的影响因素;问题解决、忍耐和幻想否认为中学男生特有的影响因素;母亲文化程度、客观支持、对支持的利用度以及发泄情绪为中学女生特有的影响因素。结论中学女生的自杀意念检出率较男生高,男、女中学生自杀意念的影响因素不完全相同,应根据各自的特点进行预防和干预。
Objective To understand the current situation of suicidal ideation among middle school students in Shenzhen and the gender differences in their influencing factors so as to provide a basis for targeted intervention. Methods A total of 3 071 middle school students from 5 secondary schools in Shenzhen were stratified and clustered to conduct a questionnaire survey using the scale of suicidal ideation, social support scale and coping style of middle school students. Results The reported rates of suicide ideation of male and female middle school students were 29.5% and 38.3%, respectively, with statistical significance (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in suicide plan and attempted suicide rates. Under the condition of controlling age, multivariate Logistic regression analysis of suicidal ideation, the learning pressure felt and the subjective support were the common influencing factors of male and female middle school students; the problem solving, patience and illusion were denied as the influencing factors of middle school boys; Mothers’ educational level, objective support, the degree of support for their support, and venting emotions are peculiar factors influencing middle school girls. Conclusions The detection rate of suicide ideation of high school girls is higher than that of male students. The influencing factors of suicide ideation of male and female high school students are not exactly the same, and should be prevented and interfered according to their own characteristics.