The (SCZ)(TNPG)·2H2O prepared by mixing semicarbazide (SCZ) and trinitrophloroglucinol (TNPG) was characterized by elemental analysis and IR measurement, and its crystal structure was determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis.The crystal belongs to triclinic,0.93966(19), c = 1.1925(2) nm, α = 67.48(3), β = 77.56(3), γ = 78.93(3)°, V = 0.6908(2) nm3, Z = 2,Dc = 1.789 g/cm3, Mr = 373.23, F(000) = 384, S = 0.999 andt(MoKα) = 0.172 mm-1.The final R and wR are 0.0394 and 0.1057 for 1724 observed reflections with I ＞ 2σ(I).It is concluded that (SCZ)(TNPG) 2H2O is an ionic compound composed of a cation SCZ+, an anion TNPG- and two water molecules.The TNPG anion and SCZ+ cation are bonded together by electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonds, and the compound structure is stable.The thermal decomposition of (SCZ)(TNPG) 2H2O was studied by using TG-DTG and DSC techniques with a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, showing the compound contains one endothermic process of dehydrating stage and two intensive exothermic decomposition stages.The enthalpy of exothermic decomposition reaction is 452.31 kJ/mol.