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青藏铁路因常常经历-40℃以下的低温气候,对于钢轨钢材低温韧性的要求更为严格,因此低温下钢轨钢材安全性能的研究尤为重要。作者对青藏铁路常用的2种钢轨钢材U71Mn和U75V制作的标准三点弯曲试样进行一系列试验研究,对其在20℃、0℃、-20℃、-40℃以及-60℃环境温度下的断裂韧度KIC进行量测和计算,得到2种钢材断裂韧度随温度变化的基本规律。并结合试验分析结果,对这2种钢轨钢材断裂韧度KIC受温度以及化学成分的影响进行系统分析和讨论。研究结果可供相关专业设计人员参考。
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway, due to its low temperature of -40 ℃ and below, often has more stringent requirements on the low temperature toughness of rail steel. Therefore, the research on the safety of rail steel at low temperature is particularly important. The authors conducted a series of experimental studies on the standard three-point bending test specimens of two kinds of rail steel U71Mn and U75V, which are commonly used in Qinghai-Tibet Railway. The test was carried out at 20 ℃, 0 ℃, -20 ℃, -40 ℃ and -60 ℃ ambient temperature The fracture toughness KIC was measured and calculated, the basic law of the fracture toughness of the two kinds of steel with temperature was obtained. Based on the experimental results, the influences of temperature and chemical composition on the fracture toughness KIC of the two kinds of rail steel are systematically analyzed and discussed. The results of the study are available to relevant professional designers for reference.