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世界各国的流域管理模式不尽相同,一般是根据本国的具体情况或历史沿革的不同而形成或选择较为适合本国条件的管理模式。但近年来越来越多的国家趋向于对流域内的自然资源实行综合管理的模式。法国现行的流域水资源管理是世界公认的较为成功的模式之一。1 流域水管理模式及机构设置法国水管理的成功之处主要在于他们遵循自然流域(大水文单元)规律设置流域水管理机构的模式。历史上,法国曾实行以省为基础的水资源管理。随着工业的快速发展和城市化进程的推进使水需求迅速增长,同时伴随着污染的加剧。针对这种情况,法国在1964年颁布了新水法,对水资源管理体制进行了改革。在从法律上强化全社会对水污染的治理,
The management models of river basins in different countries in the world are not the same. They are generally formed or selected according to the specific conditions of their countries or their historical evolution and are more suitable to their own conditions. However, in recent years more and more countries tend to adopt a comprehensive management model of natural resources in the basin. The current watershed management in France is one of the more successful models recognized in the world. 1 Basin Water Management Models and Institutional Settings The success of French water management lies in their mode of setting basin water management agencies in accordance with the law of natural basins (large hydrological units). Historically, France has implemented provincial-based water resources management. With the rapid development of industry and the progress of urbanization, the demand for water has rapidly increased, accompanied by the aggravating of pollution. In response to this situation, France promulgated a new water law in 1964, which carried out reforms on the water resources management system. In the law to strengthen the whole society for the treatment of water pollution,