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受限液晶体系是软物质领域里一类基本的问题,理论方法是研究该问题的一种重要的手段.本综述简要回顾了液晶体系理论的发展历程,介绍了Onsager模型、Maier-Saupe模型、Landau-de Gennes展开、Frank弹性模型和高分子液晶的自洽场模.近几十年,使用这些理论模型,辅以适合的边界条件,已有大量的针对受限液晶体系的理论研究.本文重点介绍了受限体系最近20—30年的主要进展,包括狭缝中液晶体系的实验与理论进展、限制在二维平面中封闭曲线内液晶体系的指向行为、限制在三维球面上刚性分子的缺陷结构的研究进展,在此基础上指出了学科中尚未解决的前沿问题及与实际应用有关的重大问题.
The limited liquid crystal system is a kind of basic problem in the field of soft matter, and the theoretical method is an important method to study the problem.This review briefly reviews the development history of liquid crystal system theory, introduces Onsager model, Maier-Saupe model, Landau-de Gennes expansion, Frank elastic model and self-consistent field mode of polymer liquid crystals. In recent decades, there have been a lot of theoretical researches on constrained liquid crystal systems using these theoretical models, with appropriate boundary conditions. The main progresses of the constrained system in recent 20-30 years are introduced, including the experimental and theoretical progress of the liquid crystal system in the slit, the limitation of the directional behavior of the liquid crystal system in the closed curve in the two-dimensional plane, the limitation of the rigid molecular Defects in the structure of the research progress, on this basis, pointed out that the subject has not been resolved in frontier issues and practical application of the major issues.