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人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)是一种糖蛋白激素。它由胎盘滋养层的合体细胞合成分泌。受孕后10～12天开始合成,妊娠45天尿中激素水平升高,60～70天达最高水平。此后,逐渐下降,到18周降为最低水平,分娩后四天左右从尿中消失。HCG的分子量为47000,由α、β两个亚基组成,每个亚基的核心部分是多肽链,再以共价键与寡聚糖链相结合。寡聚搪约占HCG分子量的31％。HCG的主要功能与促黄体生成素(LH)相似,如使妇女月经期的黄体转变成妊娠黄体,从而延长黄体的功能作用时间,诱导滤泡生长并排卵。在受孕中,促进类固醇激素的合成和分泌,使子宫内膜维持增生及蜕膜变化,从而有利于受精卵的生长和维持受孕。本文亦谈及HCG与LH之间功能的差异。
Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is a glycoprotein hormone. It is secreted by the syncytiotrophoblast’s syncytial cells. 10 to 12 days after conception began synthesis, 45-day gestation hormone levels in urine, 60 to 70 days, the highest level. Since then, it decreased gradually to the lowest level in 18 weeks and disappeared from the urine in about four days after delivery. HCG has a molecular weight of 47,000 and consists of two subunits, α and β. The core of each subunit is the polypeptide chain, which is then covalently linked to the oligosaccharide chain. Oligomembrane accounted for 31% of HCG molecular weight. The main function of HCG is similar to that of luteinizing hormone (LH), such as transforming the luteal phase of a woman’s menstrual period into the corpus luteum, thereby prolonging the functional duration of the corpus luteum and inducing follicular growth and ovulation. In conception, the promotion of steroid hormone synthesis and secretion, so that the endometrium to maintain proliferation and decidual changes, which is conducive to the growth of fertilized eggs and to maintain conception. This article also talked about the functional differences between HCG and LH.