Objective:To examine the effects of paclitaxel and resveratrol on rabbit semen.Methods:This study consisted of four groups: control group (40 mL saline), paclitaxel group (5 mg/kg paclitaxel), resveratrol group (4 mg/kg resveratrol) and paclitaxel+resveratrol group (5 mg/kg paclitaxel+4 mg/kg resveratrol). Administrations werei.v.(in 40 mL saline) and continued 8 weeks. Sperm motility was evaluated using phase-contrast microscopy. Mitochondrial activity, membrane and acrosome integrity were performed by fluorescence staining. Lipid peroxidation, total glutathione and antioxidant potential levels were determined by spectrophotometry.Results: Paclitaxel decreased the sperm motility and fluorescence staining results compared to the control (P<0.05). The paclitaxel and resveratrol group showed better results of the same parameters compared to the paclitaxel group (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed in lipid peroxidation, total glutathione, antioxidant potential and fertility results (P>0.05). Results of this study showed that paclitaxel decreased semen parameters and resveratrol had a protective effect on these parameters.Conclusions:Paclitaxel has negative effects on spermatological indicators and biochemical assays, while resveratrol prevents these negative effects of paclitaxel.