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随着我奶业结构调整和产业升级,对进口优质奶牛和牛遗传物质的需求旺盛,从畜牧业发达国家进口奶牛数量显著增加。我国年均进口奶牛约17万头,澳大利亚、新西兰是主要进口活牛来源国。2014—2016年,共检疫进口奶牛535 367头,淘汰不合格奶牛138 660头,淘汰率为25.9%。澳大利亚、新西兰作为传统畜牧业发达国家,动物疫病防控水平优良,国家兽医体系完善,奶牛品质优秀;智利作为扩种引源新开设的引种目的国,整体情况良好;乌拉圭的国家动物防疫体系有待提高。牛的遗传物质进口近年来稳中有升,美国、加拿大是主要进口目的国。建议通过扩种引源提升进口企业议价空间,改良和扩充我国奶牛种群基因库;通过原产地预检工作,确保进境奶牛的健康和品质;对进口动物检疫制度进行优化,合理配置检疫资源,提升检疫效率,在风险可控的情况下促进畜牧业贸易便利;通过简政放权和释放政策红利的方式为企业减负。
With the structural adjustment of dairy industry and industrial upgrading, there is a strong demand for the import of high-quality dairy cattle and cattle genetic material, and the number of imported dairy cattle from developed livestock husbandry countries has increased significantly. China imports about 170,000 dairy cows annually, while Australia and New Zealand are the major sources of imported cows. In 2014-2016, a total of 535,367 dairy cows were quarantined and 138,600 unqualified cousins were eliminated, a rate of 25.9%. Australia and New Zealand As the traditional livestock husbandry developed countries, animal epidemics have a good level of prevention and control, a complete national veterinary system and excellent dairy cows. Chile, as an extension source, has introduced the newly introduced importing country as a whole, and the national animal epidemic prevention system in Uruguay remains to be completed. improve. Import of genetic material of cattle has been steadily rising in recent years, the United States, Canada is the main destination of imports. It is suggested that the export quota should be expanded to improve the bargaining space of imported enterprises so as to improve and expand the gene pool of dairy cows in our country. We can ensure the health and quality of imported cows through the pre-screening of origin; optimize the quarantine system for imported animals and rationally allocate quarantine resources, Enhance the efficiency of quarantine and promote the trade facilitation of livestock husbandry under the controllable risks; reduce the burden on enterprises through the moderation and decentralization of power and the release of policy dividends.