“七五”至“八五”国家棉花育种攻关期间，共选育出棉花耐旱新品种５个，累计推广面积２０．４万公顷。本文从育种和鉴定方法以及新品系的产量、纤维品质等方面总结了我国棉花耐旱碱育种的研究进展，并对棉花耐旱碱品种的应用前景进行了分析。 During the cotton breeding project of the “Seventh Five-Year Plan” to the “Eighth Five-Year Plan”, a total of 5 new drought-tolerant cotton varieties were bred and the total area for promotion was 204,000 hectares. This paper summarizes the research progress of cotton weed resistance breeding in China based on the methods of breeding and identification, the yield of new lines and the fiber quality. The application prospects of cotton varieties with drought-tolerant base are also analyzed.