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本文测定了863名老年人的味觉敏感度,并调查分析了老年人的饮食习惯、烟酒嗜好、口腔内修复体与味觉改变的相关关系。结果表明:随着年龄的增长,老年人的味觉功能有所减退,所测定的甜、咸、酸、苦四种基本味觉中,以酸味减退最明显,其次是咸、甜、苦、味觉。经统计学处理,甜味觉在老年男女性别间无显著性差异(P>0.05),而咸、酸、苦均有显著性差异(P<0.05),男性的苦味觉敏感度明显低于女性(P<0.01)。100名每天吸烟超过20支老年人与对照组比较,甜、酸味觉有显著性差异(P<0.05),咸味觉无显著性差异(P>0.05),苦味觉有高度显著性差别(P<0.01)。158名戴全口托牙老年人与对照组比较,两组间均有显著性差别(P>0.05),尤其是苦味觉有高度显著性差别(P<0.01)。
This paper measured the taste sensitivities of 863 elderly people and investigated and analyzed the relationship between eating habits, alcohol and tobacco preferences, oral prosthesis and taste changes in the elderly. The results showed that with the increase of age, the taste function of the elderly declined. Among the four basic tastes of sweetness, saltyness, acidity and bitterness, the most obvious was the loss of sourness, followed by the saltyness, sweetness, bitterness and taste. There was no significant difference in sweet taste between the sexes in the elderly (P> 0.05), while salty, acid and bitterness were significantly different (P <0.05). The sensation of bitter taste was significantly lower in males than in females P <0.01). There were significant differences between sweet and sour taste (P <0.05), no significant difference between salty tastes (P> 0.05) and bitter tastes (P < 0.01). There was a significant difference between the two groups (P> 0.05), especially the bitter taste was highly significant (P <0.01).