十九世纪初,两个法国人艾尔弗雷德比奈(Alfred Binet)和西奥菲勒斯·西蒙(Theophilus Simon)说服法国教育部,让他们创制一些测验为某种目的服务。巴黎的学校太拥挤了,他们二人相信他们能够设计一种测验,以鉴定一般学校教学对有些儿童无益,必须给能力落后儿童以特殊教育。如果能给这些儿童以特殊的诊断,并把他们从学校中学业好的儿童中区别出来,那么,学校教学效果一定可以提高。 In the early nineteenth century, two Frenchs, Alfred Binet and Theophilus Simon, persuaded the French Ministry of Education to allow them to create quizzes that serve a particular purpose. The schools in Paris are overcrowded and both believe they can design a test to identify that general school teaching is not good for some children and that special education for underprivileged children must be given. If we can give these children a special diagnosis and distinguish them from those who are good at school in secondary schools, then the effectiveness of school teaching can certainly be improved.