“近/远”是“这/那”最根本的语义对立,本文从“远/近”的分别引申出“这”的指别性比“那”大这一现象,再根据指别性能主观加强而不能主观减弱的基本认知规则,去解释“这/那”的一系列分布区别,特别是不对称性。本文也用上述方法分析了一些相关的问题,包括“这/那”的不同虚化方向。 “Near / Far ” is the most fundamental semantic opposite of “This / That ”, this article from “Far / Near ”, respectively, extended “This ” This phenomenon is followed by a series of distributional differences, especially asymmetry, based on the basic cognitive rules that subjectively reinforce rather than diminish subjectively. This article also uses the above method to analyze some related issues, including “this / that” different blurring direction.