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目的分析西安市2004~2013年乙型肝炎(乙肝)的流行特征,评价乙肝流行状况,为今后乙肝防治工作提供参考依据。方法应用SPSS 19.0和Excel 2003软件,对2004~2013年西安市乙肝疫情资料和乙肝疫苗补种数据进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 2004~2013年西安市共上报乙肝病例71 332例,年均发病率为90.39/10万,2004年发病率最高为272.25/10万,2011年发病率最低为41.70/10万,以散发为主。2004~2008年以来,发病率呈逐年迅速下降趋势,平均每年下降幅度为47.43%;2009~2013年呈逐年缓慢下降趋势,平均每年下降幅度为5.72%。发病无明显地域聚集性,男性发病例数多于女性,且以农民发病最多,为23 539例(33%),学生及工人和干部群体总职业发病人数百分比呈逐年下降趋势,而农民出现上升。发病主要集中在≥20岁年龄组,为62 564例(87.71%),各年龄组发病率基本呈逐年下降趋势,其中以10~19岁年龄组最明显,下降幅度达93.73%。结论乙肝疫苗接种率的提高,对降低20岁以下人群乙肝发病率起到了重要作用。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B (hepatitis B) in Xi’an from 2004 to 2013 and evaluate the epidemiological status of hepatitis B so as to provide a reference for future prevention and treatment of hepatitis B. Methods Using SPSS 19.0 and Excel 2003 software, the descriptive epidemiological analysis of hepatitis B outbreak data and hepatitis B vaccine replanting data from 2004 to 2013 in Xi’an was conducted. Results A total of 71 332 hepatitis B cases were reported in Xi’an from 2004 to 2013, with an average annual incidence of 90.39 / 100 000. The highest incidence was 272.25 / 100 000 in 2004 and the lowest in 2011 was 41.70 / 100 000. The distribution was the Lord. Since 2004 ~ 2008, the incidence has been decreasing rapidly year by year, with an average annual decline of 47.43%. From 2009 to 2013, the incidence has been slowly decreasing year by year, with an average annual decline of 5.72%. There were no significant geographical agglomerations in the incidence, with more cases of males than females, with the most incidence of peasants being 23 539 cases (33%). The percentage of total occupational diseases among students and workers and cadres was decreasing year by year while peasants . The incidence mainly concentrated in the age group of 20 years old, 62 564 cases (87.71%), the incidence of each age group showed a downward trend year by year, of which 10 to 19 age group the most obvious decline of 93.73%. Conclusion The increase of hepatitis B vaccination rate plays an important role in reducing the incidence of hepatitis B in people below 20 years of age.