绰墩遗址第六次发掘的300 m2范围内出土22块古田块,通过对其田埂、灌排系统(水口、水沟、水井)等结构特征的观察研究,对古田块和水沟中出土的灌溉用具——陶罐和陶盆碎片的鉴定是属于马家滨文化时期的器物;从田块表土层中淘洗出大量的炭化稻粒,每克土壤中检测到有上万至十余万颗水稻植硅体,这些结果证明所发现的田块是马家滨时期的灌溉稻田。对出土的炭化稻粒和土壤有机质的14C定年结果表明其年龄分别为5 907 a BP和6 280 a BP,是新石器即晚马家滨文化时期的水稻文明。对在遗址挖掘的两个整段剖面(P-01和P-03)的研究发现,P-01剖面上42~103 cm层位埋藏有马桥文化-商朝初期(3 320 a BP)和在103~200 cm层位埋藏有马家滨时期(6 280 a BP)的两个古水稻土剖面,这一结果佐证了前人关于8 000年来长江三角洲地区曾有过几次大的洪水泛滥而使人类耕作活动中断的气候变化事件的结论。然而距P-01仅15 m的P-03整段剖面上仅出现了马桥-商朝初期的古水稻土剖面(40~100 cm),未发现马家滨时期古水稻土剖面(100~200 cm),说明当时的生产力非常低下,仅能利用低洼平坦的地方种稻,稍高一点的居住点附近的坡地就无法改成梯田种植水稻了。这两个埋藏的古水稻土剖面均已经发育了水稻土的明显特征。对出土炭化稻粒的形态学研究表明,外型多为椭圆形,长宽比的变异较大,稃面有方格凹陷结构、周边有稃毛,顶端残留有稻芒的基部,基部有护颖而没有小梗,“钝形”的双峰乳突、浅平的凹陷乳沟等均显示其为人工栽培的粳型水稻。结果与丁颖20世纪50年代在黄河流域发现的汉代的炭化稻粒的特征是吻合的,从而支持了关于“我国长江流域与黄河流域古代最早栽培的水稻都是粳稻品种”的论点。 In the excavation of Chuodun site, a total of 22 blocks of Gutian were excavated in the 300m2 range. Through the observation and study of the structural features of the ridge, irrigation and drainage system (such as the nozzle, ditch and well) Irrigation equipment - pots and pots debris identification is belong to Majiabang artifacts during the culture; from the topsoil in the field panning a large number of carbonized rice, per gram of soil detected tens of thousands to more than ten million rice Phytoliths, these results prove that the discovered plots are irrigated paddy fields in Majiabang period. The results of 14C dating of carbonized rice grains and soil organic matter unearthed showed that the ages were 5 907 a BP and 6 280 a BP, respectively, which is the rice civilization of the Neolithic period, ie, the period of Majiabin culture. A study of two sections (P-01 and P-03) excavated at the site found that the 42-130 cm layer on the P-01 section was buried with Maqiao Culture - the early Shang Dynasty (3 320 a BP) and Two paleo-paddy soil profiles buried in the Majiabinian period (6 280 a BP) are buried in the 103 ~ 200 cm layer. This result corroborates the previous reports that there have been several major flooding in the Yangtze River Delta in the past 8 000 years Conclusion of climate change events that disrupted human farming activities. However, only the paleo-paddy soil profile (40-100 cm) from the beginning of Maqiao-Shang dynasty appeared on the entire P-03 section only 15 m away from P-01. The paleo-paddy soil profile (100-200 cm ), Indicating that productivity was very low at that time. Only paddy rice could be planted in the low-lying and flat areas, and the slopes around the slightly higher settlements could not be converted into terraced rice. Both of these buried paleo-paddy soil profiles have evolved obvious features of paddy soil. Morphological studies on the unearthed carbonized rice grains showed that the appearance was mostly oval, the variation of aspect ratio was larger, the checkered surface was checkered, the periphery had beard hair, the base of rice paddle remained at the top, the base was protected Ying and no small stems, “blunted ” bimodal papillae, shallow flat concave cleavage, etc. showed that it is cultivated japonica rice. The results coincide with the characteristics of carbonized rice grains discovered by Ding Ying during the Han Dynasty in the Yellow River basin in the 1950s, thus supporting the argument that “the earliest cultivated rice in the Yangtze River and the Yellow River in ancient China were all japonica varieties.”