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含铬2～3％和含钼约1％的耐热钢可耐500℃左右的高温和压力氢。这种钢由于具有良好的可焊性,故特别适合制造化工装置中的高压设备。其缺点是在400～500℃温度下使用时容易引起回火脆化。通过在毛坯和焊接材料生产中采取适当的冶金措施,以及采用最佳焊接工艺和热处理方法,可以使回火脆化保持在极限范围之内。本文将报导作者所在的工厂,近年来在制造焊缝厚度达230毫米的压力容器时所取得的经验。
Chromium 2 to 3% and molybdenum containing about 1% of the heat-resistant steel can withstand high temperature and pressure of about 500 ℃ hydrogen. Because of its good weldability, this steel is particularly suitable for the manufacture of high-pressure equipment in chemical plants. The disadvantage is that it is easy to cause temper embrittlement when it is used at the temperature of 400-500 ℃. Temper embrittlement can be kept within limits by adopting appropriate metallurgical measures in the production of stock and welding consumables and by using the best welding and heat treatment methods. This article will cover the author’s factory’s experience gained in recent years in the manufacture of pressure vessels up to 230 mm in weld seam thickness.