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酒精代谢主要有两个步骤:使乙醇氧化为乙醛的酒精脱氢酶(ADH),和使乙醛向乙酸氧化的醛脱氢酶(ALDH)。乙醛的毒性很强,是导致酒精性肝损害发生的一个重要致病物质。最近报道,乙醛还会使染色体受到影响。在日本人和其他东亚人种中,缺损一部分ALDH同功酶的个体,检出值高达30～60%,而且最近已弄清了它与酒精症有很密切的关系。以下,想以ALDH同功酶异常的生理意义,和它与酒精依赖物质的关联等新见解为中心,作一概括说明。一、各种ALDH及其生理意义将人的肝匀浆进行电泳时,ALDH除两种主要成分外,还有两种微量成分,从易动度的差别上得到检出,分别称为ALDH—Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ。其中,将来自乙醇的乙醛迅速代谢的,是对基质有很高亲和性的
Alcohol metabolism has two major steps: alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), which oxidizes ethanol to acetaldehyde, and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), which oxidizes acetaldehyde to acetic acid. Acetaldehyde is highly toxic and is an important causative agent of alcoholic liver damage. It has recently been reported that acetaldehyde can also affect chromosomes. In Japanese and other East Asian populations, individuals with deficiencies in ALDH isoenzymes are detected as high as 30-60%, and recently it has been clarified that it has a close relationship with alcoholism. In the following, we will give an overview of the new insights on the physiological significance of abnormal ALDH isoenzyme and its association with alcohol-dependent substances. First, a variety of ALDH and its physiological significance Human liver homogenate electrophoresis, ALDH in addition to the two main components, there are two trace components, from the differences in mobility were detected, respectively, called ALDH- Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ. Among them, the rapid metabolism of acetaldehyde from ethanol has a high affinity for the substrate