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[目的]探讨定量评估方法在职业危害风险评估中的实际应用价值。[方法]对某电镀生产企业,依据美国环境保护署(EPA)《人体健康风险评估手册F部分:吸入风险评估补充指南》的基本原理,开展现场调查和危害识别、暴露期与暴露方式评估、暴露评估、职业病危害致癌与非致癌性风险评估。[结果]该企业职业危害暴露途径以呼吸道暴露为主,暴露期符合亚慢性暴露特征。经检测除油岗位盐酸、预镀铜岗位氰化物、镀铬岗位三氧化铬的8 h时间加权平均浓度分别为5.2~5.8、0.16~0.19、0.018~0.023 mg/m3。非致癌风险评估显示,除油、预镀铜、镀铬岗位的危害商数分别为75、61、360,均>1,健康风险较大。致癌风险评估显示,镀镍岗位接触可溶性镍化合物、镀铬岗位接触三氧化铬的致癌风险(Risk)分别为1.0×10-4、2.4×10-3,均>1×10-6,具有致癌风险。[结论]镀镍岗位接触可溶性镍化合物、镀铬岗位接触三氧化铬的浓度均达标,但仍具有致肺癌风险。针对无法查询到相应参考值数据(参考浓度或吸入单元风险)的危害因素,不能直接应用该模型开展风险评估。
[Objective] The research aimed to discuss the practical application value of quantitative assessment method in risk assessment of occupational hazards. [Method] To an electroplating manufacturer, carry out on-the-spot investigation and assessment of hazard identification, assessment of exposure period and exposure method according to the basic principle of the EPA’s Human Health Risk Assessment Manual Part F: Supplementary Guide to Risk Assessment of Inhalation, Exposure assessment, Occupational hazards Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment. [Result] The occupational hazard exposure route of this enterprise was mainly respiratory tract exposure, and the exposure period corresponded to the characteristics of subchronic exposure. The 8 h time weighted average concentrations of hydrochloric acid, pre-copper plating cyanide and chrome plating chromium oxide were 5.2-5.8,0.16-0.19 and 0.018-0.023 mg / m3, respectively. The assessment of non-carcinogenic risk shows that the hazard quotient of degreasing, pre-plating copper and chrome-plated posts are respectively 75, 61 and 360, both of which are> 1, indicating a higher health risk. Carcinogenic risk assessment showed that the risk of carcinogenic contact with chromium trioxide in chrome-plated posts exposed to soluble nickel compounds was 1.0 × 10-4 and 2.4 × 10-3, both of which were carcinogenic risk . [Conclusion] The exposure of nickel-plated posts to soluble nickel compounds and the chromium-chromium exposure to chromium trioxide reached the standard, but still possessed the risk of causing lung cancer. For the inability to find the corresponding reference data (reference concentration or inhalation unit risk) of the hazards, the model can not be used directly for risk assessment.