第二次世界大战以来,科学技术发展速度之快,发展规模之大,发生作用范围之广,影响之深远,是历史上前所未有的。当代科学技术发展具有以下基本特点。(一)科学技术的加速发展和急剧变革1、当代科学技术发展呈指数增长的趋势。近30年来,人类所取得的科技成果,即科学新发现和技术新发明的数量,比过去两千年的总和还要多。有人估算,截至1980年,人类社会获得的科学知识的90%是第二次世界大战后30余年获得的。到2000年,人类社会获得的知识又翻了一番。现代物理学中90%的知识是1950年以后取得的;现在全世界每天发表科技论文6000—8000篇。发表科技论文的 Since the Second World War, the rapid development of science and technology, its large scale of development, its wide scope of application and far-reaching effects have never been seen before in history. The development of modern science and technology has the following basic characteristics. (1) Accelerated Development and Rapid Change of Science and Technology 1. The trend of exponential growth of contemporary science and technology development. In the past 30 years, the scientific and technological achievements made by mankind, that is, new discoveries in science and new inventions of science and technology, have more than the total sum of the past two thousand years. It is estimated that as of 1980, 90% of the scientific knowledge gained by human society was obtained over more than 30 years after World War II. By the year 2000, the knowledge acquired by human society has more than doubled. 90% of the knowledge in modern physics was obtained after 1950; now there are 6,000 to 8,000 scientific papers published in the world. Published scientific papers