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我国现行的知识产权法以补偿性损害赔偿为主,法定赔偿为辅,用以填平被侵权人的实际损失。但是由于知识产权的无形性和侵权方式的隐蔽性,现行立法难以准确计算出权利人的实际损失。依据现行立法,权利人获得的赔偿数额往往低于其实际损失,无法真正起到补偿被侵权人损失的目的。纵观国外的立法和司法实践,英美法系国家在传统的补偿性赔偿的基础上,引入了惩罚性赔偿制度。对于恶意侵犯他人合法的知识产权的行为,给予惩罚性赔偿。我国在现行的《商标法》中引入了惩罚性赔偿制度,但是在《专利法》和《著作权法》中还未正式引入该制度。我国的立法和司法实践中应如何对待惩罚性赔偿,在将其引入到我国司法中如何与现有的损害赔偿体系相衔接,在具体适用的过程中应如何操作该制度,都是我们需要解决的问题。在我国知识产权领域引入惩罚性赔偿制度的同时,也要注意的是,由于我国的法律体系沿袭了传统的大陆法系国家的传统,在保持原有的法律体系的基础上,对惩罚性赔偿的适用应设定相应的配套限制机制,防止该制度被过度运用。在知识产权制度层面上要设置相应的知识产权价值评估机制,完善许可备案登记制度,为知识产权的权利人在市场交易中设定侵权信息披露义务,并通过建立相应的信誉机制,纳入国家的社会诚信体系。最大限度地通过制度设计防止恶意侵犯他人知识产权行为的发生,从而维护良好的市场竞争秩序,促进知识产权的转化和运用,为权利人的创新提供法律制度保障。
The current intellectual property law in our country is mainly compensatory damages, supplemented by statutory compensation, so as to fill in the actual losses of infringers. However, due to the intangible nature of intellectual property and the covert nature of infringement, it is difficult for the current legislation to accurately calculate the actual loss of the obligee. According to the current legislation, the amount of compensation received by the obligee is often lower than its actual loss and can not really serve the purpose of compensating the infringer for losses. Throughout the foreign legislation and judicial practice, Anglo-American countries introduce punitive damages on the basis of traditional compensation. Punitive damages for malicious infringement on the legal intellectual property rights of others. China introduced punitive damages in the current Trademark Law, but the system has not been formally introduced in the Patent Law and the Copyright Law. How to deal with the punitive damages in the legislation and judicial practice of our country, how to introduce it into the judicial system of our country and how to operate the system in the concrete application process are all we need to solve The problem. At the same time, we should pay attention to introduce the punitive damages system in the field of intellectual property rights in our country. At the same time, due to our country’s legal system follows the tradition of the traditional continental legal system countries and maintains the original legal system, The appropriate supporting mechanisms should be set to prevent the system from being overused. At the institutional level of intellectual property rights, corresponding intellectual property value assessment mechanisms should be set up to improve the registration system for the filing of allowances, to set the obligation of disclosure of infringement information for the owners of intellectual property rights in the market transactions, and to establish the corresponding credit mechanism for inclusion in the national Social credit system. The system design should be used to prevent malicious infringement on the intellectual property rights of others, so as to maintain a good order of market competition, promote the transformation and application of intellectual property rights, and provide the legal system guarantee for the innovations of rights holders.