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国内外学者针对热电制冷器工作原理和制冷性能的研究做了大量工作,不过大多都忽略其微观导热情况而将热电偶内热源视为均匀分布。为了得到更加准确且适于工程应用的分析结果,文中将焦耳热作为热电偶非均匀内热源,建立了分析模型:该模型建立在线性常微分方程的基础上,满足叠加原理使用条件。因此基于分流和叠加的思想,提出了一种热电偶内温度和热流量分布的工程求解方法,并最终得到了热电偶在第二类边界条件下的温度和热流量分布公式。通过对结果的验算,证明了所得计算公式的正确性,为热电制冷技术的深入研究和应用提供了理论指导。
Domestic and foreign scholars have done a great deal of work on the working principle and refrigeration performance of the thermoelectric cooler, but most of them neglect the microcosmic thermal conductivity and treat the heat source within the thermocouple as an even distribution. In order to get the more accurate and suitable engineering application analysis results, the Joule heat is used as the non-uniform internal heat source of the thermocouple. The analytical model is established. The model is based on the linear ordinary differential equation and satisfies the conditions of the superposition principle. Therefore, based on the idea of shunt and superposition, an engineering solution to the temperature and heat flux distribution in the thermocouple is proposed. Finally, the temperature and heat flux distribution formula of the thermocouple under the second boundary condition is obtained. Through checking the result, the correctness of the calculation formula is proved, which provides theoretical guidance for the further research and application of thermoelectric refrigeration technology.