【目的】进一步了解小儿轮状病毒 (RV)肠炎的临床特点。【方法】回顾性分析 2 0 0 1— 2 0 0 3年住院的RV肠炎患儿的年龄、发病日期、症状、水电解质和酸碱平衡、并发症及院内感染情况。同期住院的非RV肠炎作为对照 ,进行组间比较。【结果】小儿RV肠炎大多数发病于 11月—次年 2月 ,主要侵犯 6～ 2 4m的婴幼儿。院内获得的RV肠炎占全部RV肠炎的 2 4 8%。RV肠炎组水样或蛋花汤样便的发生率 6 7 6 % ,为非RV肠炎组的 1 7倍 ;呕吐的发生率 80 7% ,为非RV肠炎组的 2 2倍 ;呕吐发生于腹泻前 5 6 6 % ,为非RV肠炎组的 3 9倍。三者与对照组比较 ,差异都具有极显著意义 (P <0 0 0 1)。两组比较 ,发病年龄、发热情况、呼吸道症状及水和电解质平衡紊乱的差异无显著意义 (P >0 0 5 )。【结论】RV肠炎构成本组小儿腹泻病的主要病因。院内感染是RV肠炎值得重视的感染途径。水样或蛋花汤样便、呕吐发生率高、特别是呕吐常发生于腹泻前是小儿RV肠炎的临床症状特点 【Objective】 To further understand the clinical features of pediatric rotavirus (RV) enteritis. 【Methods】 The age, onset date, symptom, water-electrolyte, acid-base balance, complication and nosocomial infection of children with RV enteritis were retrospectively analyzed. During the same period of hospitalized non-RV enteritis as a control, compared between groups. [Results] The majority of children with RV enteritis occurred in November-February next year, mainly infants 6-2 4m infants. RV enteritis in the hospital accounted for 24.4% of all RV enteritis. The incidence of water-like or egg-like soup in RV enteritis group was 67.6%, which was 17 times higher than that in non-RV enteritis group. The incidence of vomiting was 80.7%, which was 22 times higher than that of non-RV enteritis group. Vomiting occurred in 566% before diarrhea, 39 times more than non-RV enteritis group. The differences between the three groups were significant (P <0.01). There were no significant differences in onset age, fever, respiratory symptoms and disturbance of water and electrolyte balance between the two groups (P> 0.05). 【Conclusion】 RV enteritis is the main cause of infantile diarrhea in this group. Nosocomial infection is an important route of infection that deserves attention in RV enteritis. Water samples or egg-like soup, vomiting, high incidence, in particular, vomiting often occurs in children before diarrhea is the clinical symptoms of RV enteritis