马克思晚年笔记的称谓问题 ,涉及对马克思晚年的理论主旨和理论贡献的判断和评价 ,一直受到学术界的普遍关注。目前较为流行的称谓是“人类学笔记”。笔者认为 ,“人类学笔记”这一称谓歪曲和误读了晚年马克思的理论实质 ,我们应将之更名为“国家与文明起源笔记”。一、“人类 The issue of the title of Marx’s later years notes, which involves the judgment and appraisal of Marx’s theory and theoretical contributions in his later years, has always been the subject of widespread academic attention. The more popular title is Anthropology Notes. The author believes that the title “Anthropology Notes” misrepresents and misreads the theoretical essence of Marx in his later years and we should change the name to “Notes on Origin of State and Civilization.” First, "humanity