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由于金属或合金单晶體的机械强度很低,并且常见的结晶状態是多晶状態,所以在技术和工程上是很少用单晶状態金属作原材料,而是用多晶状態.不过在我们研究金属和合金的性能时,因为多晶體是许多小单晶的集合,虽然不能说多晶體的性质就是单晶體性质的总和,但弄清楚后者却是解释前者最主要的步骤之一。因此系统地研究单晶體无论在固體物理的发展上,以及原材料性能的的改善上都有莫大的重要性.在自然界也出现天然单晶體,它们只是在极少数的场合下才能满足物理学的要求,因为一方面它们含有各种夹杂物及一系列缺陷,另一方面,它们
Since the mechanical strength of metal or alloy single crystals is very low and the common crystalline state is polycrystalline, it is technically and technically rare to use single crystal metals as raw materials, but rather polycrystalline states. However, in our study Metal and alloy properties, because the polycrystalline body is a collection of many small crystals, although the nature of the polycrystal can not be said to be the sum of single crystal properties, but to clarify the latter is to explain the former one of the most important steps. Therefore, the systematic study of single crystals has great importance both in the development of solid state physics and in the improvement of the properties of the raw materials, and natural single crystals also appear in nature which meet the requirements of physics only in a few cases , Because on the one hand they contain various inclusions and a series of defects, on the other hand, they