运用DEA方法,对中美两国煤炭企业绩效的比较分析表明,中国企业总体效率和规模效率比美国企业差;中国煤炭企业之间技术和生产力变化差异大,煤炭行业分散化现象明显;中国煤炭企业普遍存在人员冗余现象,并且企业内部资源利用率不高。这些现象与中国煤炭企业产权结构、煤炭资源配置方式、煤炭行业制度有关。为了提高煤炭企业的经营效率和煤炭资源的使用效率,要加强人员、成本管理和技术创新,完善煤炭资源配置制度和产业政策。 The comparative analysis of the performance of the coal enterprises in China and the United States using DEA shows that the overall efficiency and economies of scale of Chinese enterprises are worse than those in the United States; the differences in technology and productivity among Chinese coal enterprises are quite different; the coal industry is decentralized; Enterprise widespread human redundancy phenomenon, and utilization of internal resources is not high. These phenomena are related to the property rights structure of Chinese coal enterprises, the allocation of coal resources and the coal industry system. In order to improve the operating efficiency of coal enterprises and the efficient use of coal resources, we must strengthen staffing, cost management and technological innovation, and improve the coal resource allocation system and industrial policies.