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为评估粉尘排放对从事各工种的人员造成的健康风险,基于环境卫生学、病理学等相关内容,建立粉尘排放与工种健康损害定量评价关系。首先对煤矿各工种按工作区域进行分类,然后收集煤矿各区域的清单数据。在此基础上进行归宿分析、效应分析和损害分析,采用伤残调整年(DALY)作为量化指标,构建量化指标与粉尘之间的评价模型。最终,建立从职业健康风险因素到伤残调整年,再到具有经济含义的表征测量健康风险评价方法。结果表明:煤矿粉尘排放给各工种带来了严重的健康风险,平均生命损失年增加值为6.56 a;各作业区域工种按健康风险大小排序依次为回采、掘进工作面、胶带运输、锚喷作业点、煤仓口。
In order to assess the health risks caused by dust emissions to workers engaged in various types of work, a quantitative evaluation of the relationship between dust emission and health damage of work types was established based on environmental hygiene and pathology. First of all, all types of coal mining work area by the classification, and then collect the coal mine inventory data for each region. On the basis of this, we carried out the fate analysis, the effect analysis and the damage analysis, and adopted the disability adjustment year (DALY) as the quantitative index to construct the evaluation model between quantitative index and dust. Finally, establish a risk-adjusted occupational health risk to disability year, and then an economically meaningful measure of health risk assessment. The results showed that coal mine dust emission posed a serious health risk to all kinds of workers, and the average added value of life loss was 6.56 a. According to the order of health risk, the occupational health workers ranked the following order of mining, heading face, tape transportation, anchor spraying operation Point, coal warehouse mouth.