1.Introductionrn The cultivation of hybrid rice is one of the major achievements of modern agricultural science.In 1964,Longping Yuan became the first person to research male sterility in indica rice after observing a strain of natural hybrid rice displaying strong heterosis.In 1966,he was the first to publish a paper on the topic of “Male Infertility of Rice” and proposed the “three-line method” breeding approach to utilize rice heterosis,encompassing a male-sterile line,a main-tainer line,and a restorer line[1].This proposal acted as a prelude to research on hybrid rice in China.The three-line method and the subsequent two-line method of breeding hybrid rice were widely adopted and contributed significantly to food security in China.They also provided strong evidence for the heterosis of self-polli-nating crops such as rice.