本研究应用EST-SSR毛细管电泳荧光标记技术,从45对大麻EST-SSR引物中筛选出适合野生大麻及大麻栽培品种的19对引物,构建22份中国野生大麻与8份大麻代表性栽培品种的EST-SSR DNA指纹图谱,同时分析了中国野生型与栽培型大麻资源亲缘关系和遗传分布格局.结果表明:19个EST-SSR位点在30份大麻种质上共检测到235个等位变异,每个位点等位变异范围为4～24个,平均值为12.37;通过对指纹数据库的构建和比较分析,发现30份大麻种质资源分为南北两个大支,对应于传统上的南方组和北方组,表现出明显的地域性分布模式;栽培品种与野生大麻资源有较近的亲缘关系,在聚类图上没有单独聚为一支,无明显的遗传背景差异.“,”In this research,we constructed DNA EST-SSR fingerprints of 22 Chinese wild hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) germplasms and 8 representative cultivars ofC.sativa based on 19 SSR primer pairs screened from the 45 pairs of EST-SSR primers by capillary electrophoresis fluorescence marking technique.We also analyzed the relationship and genetic distribution of the wild type and cultivated hemp in China.The results showed that 235 alleles were detected in 30 hemp germplasm through 19 EST-SSR loci,and the allelic variation of each locus ranged from 4 to 24,with an average of 12.37.Based on fingerprint database construction and comparative analysis,we found that 30 hemp germplasm resources were divided into north and south two big teams,corresponding to the traditional southem and northem group,demonstrating obvious regional distribution patterns.Cultivars were closely related to wild hemp resources,not forming an independent cluster on the cluster diagram,indicating there is no significant genetic background difference between cultivars and wild hemp resources.