目的 :比较不同放大倍数和包埋介质对肾组织结构体视学定量研究的影响。方法 :分别用高倍镜 (40×物镜 )和油镜 (10 0× )观察石蜡 (7μm厚 )和甲基丙烯酸树脂 (2 5 μm厚 )包埋的肾脏切片 ,利用体视学方法测量肾小管的体积分数和直径以及肾小管细胞核的体积分数和直径。结果 :在高倍镜下用石蜡切片估计的肾内肾小管的体积分数和直径比用树脂切片估计的结果分别显著小 9 8%和 18 5 % ,在油镜下用石蜡切片估计的肾内肾小管的体积分数以及肾内肾小管细胞核的体积分数和直径比用树脂切片估计的结果分别显著小 5 7%、 2 7 1%和13 8%。结论 :放大倍数对体视学估计的影响较小 ,而包埋介质的影响较大 ;石蜡包埋使各种组织结构都发生显著的皱缩 ,相比之下肾小管、肾小管细胞核等实质结构的皱缩更显著。 OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of different magnifications and embedding media on the quantitative study of renal tissue structure. Methods: The kidney sections embedded in paraffin (7μm thick) and methacrylic resin (25μm thick) were observed with high magnification lens (40 × objective lens) and oil lens (10 × ×) respectively. The renal tubules Volume fraction and diameter, and volume fraction and diameter of the renal tubular nuclei. Results: The volume fraction and diameter of renal tubules estimated with paraffin sections at high magnification were significantly smaller than those estimated with resin sections by 98% and 185%, respectively, and the intrarenal nephron estimated by paraffin section under oil microscope The volume fraction of tubules and the volume fraction and diameter of renal tubular cells in the kidney were significantly smaller by 57%, 271% and 13% than those estimated by resin sections, respectively. CONCLUSION: The magnification has less effect on the estimation of stereopsis, but the effect of embedding medium is larger. Paraffin embedding causes significant shrinkage of various tissues and structures, compared with the essence of renal tubule and renal tubular cell nucleus Structural shrinkage is more pronounced.